The Rise Of The Roman Empire Essay - 1875 Words

Constantine was the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity. He started his reign in 307 AD. During this time the Roman Empire was still composed mainly of pagans. Although the population of Christians was on the rise, in the beginning of the fourth century, Christians made up only 10 percent of the population in the Roman Empire. There were approximately five million Christians in the Roman Empire meaning that they were still the minority (Waldron). His conversion was an important turning point not only for Christians but also for the Roman Empire as a whole. Although most Romans still believed in Greco-Roman religions, Constantine decided to become a Christian because he knew that it would be beneficial for his role as emperor. His conversion was prompted by his desire to end the tetrarchy structure of the Roman Empire and to become the sole ruler of the Roman Empire. The story of Constantine’s conversion was told through Eusebius of Caersera. His recount of the story is skewed by his bias. In order to show a more holistic view of the story I will be comparing his account to the account of another historian named Andreas Alföldi. The comparison will show that Constantine had other motives for converting to Christianity. Constantine’s decision to become a Christian was influenced by numerous external factors. He emulated the monotheistic nature of Christianity and used it as the foundation of his reign and used Christianity to advance his political agenda. WhenShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Roman Empire973 Words   |  4 Pagessee how empires grew and became successful. Many empires were so successful because of their leaders and their philosophies. Empires often had good runs and would be running successful until a stronger and more powerful empire would bring them down. One empire that was known as the most advanced both socially and politically in the western civilization was the Roman Empire. At about 285 CE the empire was so gr eatly advanced that the Roman central government could no longer rule the empire on its ownRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire2740 Words   |  11 Pagesone thing comes to mind, the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was one of the greatest empires of all time. The span of the Roman Empire grew from itself outward to the countries of England, Africa, Spain, and even Syria. The Roman Empire covered a vast area of land, with ambitions of continued growth. The Roman Empire rose to glory in 27 BC. The rise of the Roman Empire began with its military forces and its many emperor’s reign. The society and life of Romans were also affected by the empire’sRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1494 Words   |  6 Pagescentral Europe and occupied by several Celtic tribes in pre-Roman times. The land was claimed by the Roman Empire once the Celtic tribe Noricum fell to the Empire and became a providence. Once the Roman Empire gained control of the area, it soon set up a Military camp on the eastern side of the providence calling it the Upper Pannonia providence which was the home for 50,000 people for nearly 400 years. After the fall of the Roman Empire; Charlemagne, King of the Franks, had control of the land atRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire2506 Words   |  11 PagesOne of the greatest empires to have existed in ancient human history is undoubtedly the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire maintained very sophisticated governmental policies. Not only were they responsible for groundbreaking political systems, Rome was very technologically advanced as well. Rome would lay a foundation for civilizations to come with the innovative political and technological breakthroughs they experienced. Unfortunately for Rome, the higher the rise also meant the harder the fall. RomeRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire2137 Words   |  9 Pagesas the Roman Empire was nearly compromised after the German Visigoths and their leader, Alaric, invaded it in 410 AD. This invasion of the newly Christian Empire that was supposed to be invincible shattered the confidence of the Romans and subsequently led them to question the power of their new single God. The Roman Empire has previously been a Pagan empire, but Constantine the Great converted the empire to Christianity less than a century before the Visig oths captured Rome. Many Romans were skepticalRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1864 Words   |  8 PagesJulius Caesar , a Roman general and statesman he turned the Roman republic into a powerful Roman Empire. A coup ended his reign , and his powerful life , on the Ides Of March. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed a political alliance that was to dominate Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass power through populist tactics were opposed by the conservativeRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire is widely regarded as one of, if not the most dominant government to ever exist. Early civilization in Europe was dominated by the Romans, and their constantly growing empire. With the help of Greek political ideas, the Romans adopted one very similar where supreme power is held by the people from their elected representatives. These representatives were a part of the Senate, where all political laws were made and enforced, very similar idea to the type of Senate that existsRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1224 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluence to affect the Roman world. Constantine came to power in the Western provinces of the Roman Empire as an advocate of religious toleration. Constantine’s advocacy for religious toleration alongside his conversion marks a turning point of the Roman world and drives the spread Christianity. With Diocletian’s abdication in 305 A.D., Constantine’s troops acclaimed him as Caesar. The age of persecution began in 303 A.D. under Diocletian as an effort to rid the Roman Empire of Christians. It wasRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire863 Words   |  4 Pagesanyone who did not speak Greek. During the decline of the Roman Empire, many barbaric tribes took the opportunity to attack. The migration of barbarians closer to Rome put stress on an already stressed Roman government. The increased tension eventually lead to an outbreak of wars. In 410 Rome was sacked by the Visigoths—lead by Alaric—and was attacked again in 455 but the Vandals (â€Å"Dining With Attila the Hun, 448†). Attacks on the Roman Empire by the Huns did not start until the middle of the 5th centuryRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1611 Words   |  7 PagesRome was an empire with extremely high aspirations and expectations from. Its founders chose to steal women from neigh boring villages, in order to grow its population. These aggressive and expansionary ideologies remained within the personalities of every Roman, living inside the great empire 755 years later. And yet despite its vast military presence and growing cities and towns, the Roman Empire and its capital still succumbed to a barbarian takeover. This was widely regarded as one of the greatest

Integrated Family Wellness ( Ifw ) A Alternative Medicine...

Integrated Family Wellness (IFW) a alternative medicine medical clinic located in Brookfield, WI. It has been owned and operated by Dr. Michele Nichols NMD since 2001. In 2015 it was identified that Dr. Nichols desires for her organization to have a franchised system for medical providers to establish their own profitable integrated medical practice, regardless of the specialty. Lisa McNeil and Trifecta Consulting were hired to assess the organizational and training needs, determine why profits have flat lined in the last three years, and make suggestions for improvement of processes and systems. Four weeks into the observation period, the following has been determined: there are no training protocols for employees, unused job descriptions, an outdated procedure manual, little staff oversight, no formal collection of demographics and statistical patient data, no formal operating/marketing budget, no centralized tracking of monies coming and going, no client follow up, no client enga gement, and no staff reviews. While this consulting project will take almost 2 years to complete and will be the focus project of my degree program, the purpose of this assignment at Alverno College, I will focus on the task assessment, addressing: job descriptions, oversight, training, and reviews. Due to the nature of the above tasks and the amount of time for development and testing of implemented tasks, some of the information presented will be theoretical and purely conjecture, at this

The World War I Technology - 988 Words

Introduction Progress and development is a characterizing feature of all facets of the world, with military technology and warfare being no different. Throughout the history of humanity, warfare has evolved in pace with the available technology, proceeding through the stone age into the age of iron, then steel, and into the modern era of warfare characterized largely by the presence of gunpowder. Contemporary warfare however has evolved into something entirely different. Herein, it will be demonstrated that the tactics and technology employed during World War I are fundamentally different than warfare as it is currently practice. World War I Technology The origins of the technology that would be employed in WWI were rooted in the developments achieved by the wealthier Western nations of the era. This awoke the concern of Ivan Bloch, a Russian who wrote the 6-volume work titled, in English, Is War Now Impossible?, penned in 1898. It is argued by Bloch therein that to engage in war between great states was largely impossible, as to do so would be a suicidal decision. Accordingly, â€Å"The dimensions of modern armaments and the organization of society have rendered its prosecution an economic impossibility†. The technology that was in place during the decades immediately preceding the First World War was thought to hold the potential of suicidal wars between great powers, however as will be clarified below, this is markedly lower than what is currently held. WithinShow MoreRelatedTechnology During World War I1571 Words   |  7 Pageslearned in their training. A quick glance over the parapet showed the brutality of war, as this is the day-to-day life of a soldier in the trenches. During World War I new scientific know how allowed for the development and introduction of numerous types of weaponry for use in battle. Advancements of technology during World War I led to a higher number of casualties than what was otherwise possible. The technologies included guns, tanks, explosives, barbed wire, and poison gas. On the morning of JuneRead MoreThe Advanced Technology Of World War I1634 Words   |  7 Pages How did the advanced technology of World War I influence how war was fought? Stacy Shaw Word Count: â€Æ' Stacy Shaw Historical Investigation Paper 2/26/17 For my research paper I have chosen to research how the advanced technology of WWI influenced how war was fought. In this paper I will analyze how wars were fought before WWI and how during the war, new advancements changed the future of warfare. Themes about WWI the paper will include are weapons, vehicles, aircraft, ships, the frontlineRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On The World War I1903 Words   |  8 PagesFor thousands of years from all corners of the world, mankind has dreamed of these larger than life frays fought between the most massive and powerful nations embodied the name given to them. Advancements and a flourishing in technology is due to the innovation of the airplane to be utilized on, or over the front lines of the the most devastating battles to ever scar the face of the earth. To many, the skies in the dawn of World War I was a new frontier, and any type of aviation on its own was relativelyRead MoreTechnology And Tactics That Changed World War I Essay2359 W ords   |  10 PagesTechnology and Tactics that Changed World War I World War I (WWI) was supposed to be the war to end all wars. It was also known as the Great War; the First War. World War I officially started on July 28, 1914, triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. The Archduke was assassinated by a Yugoslav Nationalist named Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. WWI saw the greatest advancement in technologies. Wars bring out the worse in humansRead MoreTechnology Changed The Dynamics Of War During World War I1587 Words   |  7 PagesAdvances in technology changed the dynamics of war during World War I. WWI was the first extensive war in which all nations felt the effects of war whether through a social, political, or economic impact. through One of the major impacts of trench warfare was that it made it difficult for the Allied and Central Powers to secure a victory. New technology such as the machine gun brought massive death and casualties. Armies in all nations started to need a larger population of soldiers to fight becauseRead MoreEmergence of New Technology during the World War I939 Words   |  4 Pages(National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011). Marijuana has a long standing history in its use as hallucinogen. However, there have revolutions and the use of this herb as a form of medicine has been widely accepted over the world and there are several countries where the use of this herb is legal and yet there are some countries where the use is confined to prescription medication only. There is need therefore to look at the medicinal use of marijuana and the benefits thatRead MoreWorld War I Showed New Technology And Exposed Men And Women1866 Words   |  8 Pages3/21/16 Chapter 25 REFLECTION PAPER 3 World War I showed new technology and exposed men and women to a new type of brutality. European countries were in a state of disarray and America found itself searching for the meaning of life and happiness. Radical changes will occur in the U.S. involving politics and social ideas. Some people were shedding their old traditional skins to accept the new modern world, while others are trying to hold onto the old ways of the world. The United States was facing variedRead MoreWwi : Technology And Weapons Of War1221 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame the popular image of World War 1 (â€Å"WWI: Technology and Weapons of War†). War leaders failing to adapt to new tactics and weaponry led to many needless deaths in this all-out battle. Technological advancements in chemistry, metallurgy and engineering made the war far more complex and deadly than the past conflicts (â€Å"WWI: Technology and Weapons of War†). The introduction of this complex weaponry from both sides involved in this gruesome combat made winning the war seem almost impossible. TheRead MoreThe Most Important Qualities That A Military Organization1116 Words   |  5 Pageswarfare in the World War I made it complicated to verify who the successful is or if there was really a winner. This is obvious that the remarkable circumstances encouraged the US and European powers to bring a tremendous change in their army units and obtain new equipment in order to achieve a comprehensive and sustainable victory in the context of wars. New technology and doctrine were the most important quality factors in the military organization that successful innovate after World War I. In sum,Read MoreA Brief Note On The World War I1327 Words   |  6 PagesSierra World War I With the start of the 19th century brought two major events to the Europeans. The French Revolution began in 1789 and held an impact on Europe for many decades until World War I began in 1914. WWI left a monumental spot on the European society, culture and diplomacy; this was a huge start to what defined Europe as a country compared to the rest of the world. Along with Europe there was also other countries who were taking affect during the time leading up to World War I. Whether

Self-Esteem and Grading Essay - 650 Words

Death of a Salesman, and research performed by the American Psychological Society (subsequently renamed the Association for Psychological Science) show how grades and self-esteem share a direct correlation. In Death of a Salesman Biff and Bernard both demonstrate how grades and self-esteem correlate. In Death of a Salesman, Willie Lowman’s son Biff fails math in high school, because of this failure. Biff loses his self-esteem and therefore is unsuccessful. However, in contrast, Bernard passes all of his classes and is successful. Research performed by the American Psychological Society also supports the theory that grades affect self-esteem. The counter arguments will also be discussed to provide a complete synopsis. The first point†¦show more content†¦His father had always been the person he lived to impress, and needed approval from however being unable to gain back his father’s approval he spiraled. Another argument that could be made against this point is that Biff had self-esteem all along. However, if we look at Biff in the beginning of the novel we can see the confidence that Biff has as an athlete and student. This all changed when Biff realized that he failed math. Biff had the chance to be successful but when he lost his self-esteem that all changed for him. Instead of being able to live his dreams and become successful he was instead stuck in self-doubt. Opposite of Biff there is Bernard who passed all of his classes, and had the self-esteem to become successful. Bernard lacks self-esteem during social situations however he excels academically. Because of Bernard’s academic success he is able to have the confidence to exceed in life. Bernard focuses on his academic studies and passes all of his classes, unlike Biff because his grades reflect that he is successful. Knowing that he can succeed in school gives him the confidence to also succeed in life. Bernard becomes a successful lawyer who works large cases with prestige. He is able to use the confidence he gained from doing well in school to further his career and who he was as a person. A counter argument would be that Bernard is successful because of how hard he was pushed, but in comparison Biff was pushed just as hard as Bernard. Both boysShow MoreRelated Dissecting Education Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesto show how well they are doing in school. But are grades the most effective way to show a studentamp;#8217;s progress and more importantly, what they actually learned? Some cal l grading amp;#8220;tyrannical and indefensible; and even go as far as saying the grading system is amp;#8220;criminal; (Lean 131-32). Grading is probably the most scrutinized of all practices in education. It is easy to see the difference between an amp;#8220;A; and an amp;#8220;F; in a subject like math where theRead MoreWhat Purpose Do Grades Serve?1153 Words   |  5 Pagesevaluate. Failing to do so does hamper a child’s desire to learn. A student on Alfie Kohn’s blog writes â€Å"I remember the first time that a grading rubric was attached to a piece of my writing†¦.Suddenly all the joy was taken away. I was writing for a grade — I was no longer exploring for me. I want to get that back. Will I ever get that back?† The negative effects grading has on children’s emotions and home life can be plainly witnessed around any dining table in America at homework time. Children asRead MoreWhat Thoughts Run Through Your Mind? Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagesthe system. Experienced the letter grading system since early elementary school, it is important not just to accept the system but to take a closer look at the system. I accepted the reality of the system ; time to inform myself about the system. After researching, I understand the three perspectives of the advantages, disadvantages, and a potential modification of the system. Therefore, I would like to assess multiple perspectives on the traditional A to F grading system by exploring the advantagesRead MoreImportance of Grades in School971 Words   |  4 PagesLauren Klein Mrs. Imani Stephen ENG 1101 23 October 2012 The Importance of Grades in School Alfie Kohn explains in his article, From Degrading to De-grading, that traditional letter/number grades are a waste of time. Kohn believes teachers wrongly relish the moments they get to assign a student a grade. His opinion of the best teacher is the one that despises the grade book and wonders about the thought of giving grades at all. Alfie Kohn provides many reasons supporting his beliefs. For exampleRead MoreGrades And Self Esteem By Randy Moore767 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Grades and self-Esteem†, the author Randy Moore, argues about self-esteem in students and their grades. He also claims that teachers should be genuine in giving grades to their students rather than focusing on their self-esteem. I agree with the author’s view regarding the grading system and disagree with the Moore, regarding building self-esteem in students. Moore argues that many schools are focusing more on building self-esteem rather than education standards in students. Self-esteem comes withinRead MoreParental Involvement: Impact on a Child’s Education Essay781 Words   |  4 Pagestheir children to choose subjects and courses they can pursue with passion and excellence. The involvement of parents in the education of their child also influences teachers (Jeynes, 2011). Since instructors play a significant role in rating and grading a child, â€Å"a high degree of parental involvement likely influences how the teacher perceives and even grades the child† (Jeynes, 2011, p. 55). According to Chance (1997), providing teachers with feedback about a child’s attitude and wellbeing can helpRead MoreGrades And The Esteem, By Randy Moore1117 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Grades and Self- Esteem† What is self- esteem? Self- esteem is confidence in one’s own worth or abilities. In â€Å"Grades Self- Esteem†, author Randy Moore (2007) stated that the level of performance of the students decreased while schools are building the self- esteem in the students. Author Alfie Kohn (1994) stated in his article â€Å"The Truth about Self- Esteem† to contradict Moore’s opinion that academics and self- esteem are not related. Moore discussed some beneficial points which are useful forRead MoreAnalyzing and Argumentative Essay: Grades and Self-Esteem1093 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyzing an Argumentative Essay: â€Å"Grades and Self- Esteem† What is self- esteem? Self- esteem is confidence in one’s own worth or abilities. In â€Å"Grades Self- Esteem†, author Randy Moore (2007) stated that the level of performance of the students decreased while schools are building the self- esteem in the students. Author Alfie Kohn (1994) stated in his article â€Å"The Truth about Self- Esteem† to contradict Moore’s opinion that academics and self- esteem are not related. Moore discussed some beneficialRead MoreResponse to In Praise of the F Word827 Words   |  3 Pages they put their students at an immediate disadvantage and jeopardize their chances of getting into a better college. The biggest issue with Sherry’s plan to stop grade inflation is that she didn’t account for the fact that there is no universal grading system in the world. Grades are based on a criterion set by a particular teacher, and the teacher is the final person to decide what grade the student receives. An A student in one teacher’s eyes could very possibly be a C student in anothers’. ThereforeRead MoreAssessment Methods1351 Words   |  6 PagesThey are intended to help academic staffs who wishes to promote student engagement and self-regulation in learning http://www.strath.ac.uk/learnteach/teaching/staff/assessfeedback/12principles/16.30on 12/05/2010 The principles of good assessment are Help clarify what good performance is. Encourage time and effort on challenging learning tasks. Deliver high quality feedback information that helps learners self-correct. Provide opportunities to close any gap between current and desired performance

Psychology Perspectives Free Essays

string(108) " children enter into school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies and other interests\." This behaviourist perspective is that we can understand any type of behaviour by looking at what the person has learned. Pesonality traits for example shyness, confidence, and optimism. Pavlov (CLASSICAL CONDITIONING) Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist working with dogs to investigate their digestive systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Perspectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dogs tested where attached to harness, and Pavlov attached monitor to their stomachs and mouths so he could measure the rate of salvation. He noticed when the laboratory assistant came in with the food before the dog had actually tasted the food the dog began to salivate. Pavlov speculated that the dog salivating because it had learned to associate the laboratory assistant with the food. This is when his theory began. Food automatically led to the response of salivation. Since salivation is an automatic response, he called this unconditioned response. This means a response that regularly occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is presented. As the food automatically leads to this response, he called this an unconditioned stimulus; this means a stimulus that regularly and consistently leads to an automatic (not learned) response. Pavlov then presented food at the same time as the bell; too see if the dog would learn to associate the bell with food. After many goes the dog learned that the bell associated with food and began to salivate when only the bell rung and no food was presented. This is called conditioned response; this means a new, learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that mimics the response to unconditioned stimulus, it had learned the conditioned response of salivation to the conditioned stimulus (the bell). Conditioned stimulus means a neutral stimulus that, when paired with the unconditioned stimulus, produces a conditioned (learned) response, just as the unconditioned response used to. Skinner (OPERANT CONDITIONING) Burrhus Frederic Skinner, an American psychologist who worked mostly with rats and pigeons, to discover some of the key principles of learning new behaviours. He used a famous device, called a Skinner box. The box contained a leaver which, when pressed, released a food pellet into the box, this reinforcing lever-pressing behaviour. At first when he rat is in the box it will be running around sniffing his new surroundings, which at some point it, will press the leaver, releasing a food pellet. After a while when the rat has repeatedly performed this action, it will learn that this behaviour (pressing the leaver) I automatically followed by the release of a food pellet (the consequence). As the pellet is experienced as reinforcing (something that the rat would like to have more of), you called this positive reinforcement, this is happens when the consequence following a particular is experienced as desirable. Skinner then used a negative reinforcement which is when behaviour results in a consequence that removes something unpleasant. The negative reinforcement he used was a very low electrical current on the floor of the Skinner box. The current could be de-activated if the rat pressed the lever. Social learning theory Role models are very important. We can learn new behaviour from anyone but we imitate behaviour if we are strongly influenced by the way we perceive the person. We can be influenced by others when we observe someone who we admire behaving in a particular way; we are more likely to imitate such behaviour. Solomon Asch, social psychologist conducted experiments to show how an individual’s behaviour could be influenced and changed because they did not want to stand out from a crowd. This is known as ‘Majority Influence’ we all have a powerful desire to fit in and belong. He gathered a group of 6 people together. These people were play acting according to instruction. They were joined by a naà ¯ve participant and asked to take part in a visual perception test. Albert Bandura, theory is we learn from people we are exposed to in our environment. We learn new behaviours from people we observe, either in real life or in the media. This is called observational learning. The person we learn from is known as a role model (someone who has characteristics that inspire us to copy their behaviour). The process of imitating is called modelling (a process of basing behaviour, attitude, and style, of speech or dress on someone we admire or would like to be. Introduction This is a theory of human development which emphasises the interaction of biological drives with the social environment. Sigmund Freud, an Austrian psychologist, who developed the theory of psychodynamic psychology and the treatment known as psychoanalysis. Freud suggested that what we are aware of is represented in our conscious mind but many of our memories, feelings and past experiences are locked up in a part of our mind which he calls â€Å"unconscious†. We cannot access the contents of our unconscious, but they often â€Å"leak out† in our dreams or maybe just slip out of our tongue. He said early experiences are also important is in later life behaviours is clearly illustrated by Freud’s development theory of psychosexual several stages; 1. Oral Stage, primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is especially important. The mouth is crucial for eating, and the infant derives pleasure from oral stimulation through rewarding activities such as tasting and sucking because the infant is entirely dependent upon caretakers, the infant also develops a sense of trust and comfort through this oral stimulation. 2. Anal Stage, primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet training; the child has to learn to control his or her bodily needs. Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and independence. 3. Phallic Stage, primary focus of the libido is on the genitals. At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females. Freud also believed that boys begin to view their fathers as a rival for the mother’s affections. 4. Latency Stage, The stage begins around the time that children enter into school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies and other interests. You read "Psychology Perspectives" in category "Papers" 5. Genital Stage, during the final stage of psychosexual development, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. This stage begins during puberty but last throughout the rest of a person’s life. He tries to explain the power of early experience and how this may influence the adult personality. Freud divided the mind (the psyche) into 3 structures, the id, the ego and the superego. According to Freud these appear at different stages of a child’s development and are empowered by the libido (energy). The ID, part of the psyche we are born with, it operates on the pleasure principle, contains all our basic instincts such as need for food, drink, warmth. The Ego, part of the mind whose function it is to moderate the demands of the id and prevent the superego being too harsh, E. . Repression is a defence mechanism when a person forgets an event , denial is also a defence mechanism because your pushing am event or emotion out of consciousness. It operates on the reality principle. The superego, roughly equivalent to a conscience, the superego consists of an internalisation of all the values of the right and wrong we have been socialised to believe in. It also contains an ima ge of our ideal self. Erik Erikson, a psychologist who agreed mostly with Freud’s theory in so far as he thought we developed through a series of stages. He also believed Freud’s put too much emphasis on our desire for individual gratification and not enough of our need to be accepted in society and lead meaningful life. The different psychosocial stages: Stage 1 (0-1 Year): This stage focuses on how the infant is parented, the positive outcome of this is it dependable, responsive, and caring parenting leads to a sense of trust. The negative outcome is parenting lacks warmth and affection or is inconsistent leads to mistrust. Stage 2 (1- 3): This stage is being enabled to do things by yourself; the positive outcome is being supported in growing independence leads to a sense of autonomy. The negative outcome is being criticised and over-controlled leads to a feeling of doubt about your own competence. Stage 3 (3-6): This stage is interaction with the world; the positive is being encouraged to try out new skills and explore the world leads to a sense of initiative. The negative is being hampered in the desire to find things out. Stage 4 (6-12): This stage is to understand how things are made and how they work; the positive outcome is the ability to succeed at realistic tasks leads to a sense of industry. The negative outcome is being published take on tasks they are not ready for leafs to a sense of inferiority. Stage 5 (12-18): This stage is developing a consistent sense of identify by experimentation, the positive outcome is the experimentation leads to a secure sense of identity. The negative outcome is the inabilities to experiment and develop a sense of identify leads to role confusion and a negative identify. Introduction Humanistic psychology looks at human experience from the viewpoint of the individual. It focuses on the idea of free will and the belief that we are all capable of making choices. Two psychologists associated with this approach are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) an American psychologist who believed that we are all seeking to become the best that we can be, spiritually, physically, emotionally and intellectually. He called this self-actualisation, with this he constructed a theory known as the hierarchy of needs, in which he explained that every human being requires certain basic needs to be met before they will be able to approach the next level. Maslow believed that until our basic physiological needs are met, we will focus on all kind of energies on getting them met and not be able to progress further. When we are all well-houses, well-fed and comfortable physically, we begin to focus on our emotional needs, such and the need to belong and be loved and to feel self-esteem. When our lives are such that these needs are met, we strive to self-actualise. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was particularly interested in the concept of self. There are many aspects of the self but there are three important ones, self-esteem, self-concept and internalise. Self-Esteem, this is how valuable we feel as individuals. Someone with high self-esteem will believe they are loved and loveable and that they are important and valued. On the other hand people with low self-esteem may feel themselves to be worthless, of no value to anyone else, unloved and unlovable. Self-concept, this is how we see ourselves. In early life this comes from what we are told about ourselves E. g. You’re so Amazing, You’re such a good singer. As we grow older, our ability to think about ourselves develops and we begin to incorporate our own judgements e. g. I was really good at Science, I was the best driver, I wasn’t invited to that party- I was unpopular. Internalise, this is to do the way we take in information from the outside world and build it into our sense of self. It then becomes part of our feelings, thoughts and beliefs about who we are and what we expect from the world around us. Introduction This psychological perspective gas gained enormous ground since the 1960’sm when the influence of behaviourism began to wane. A great deal of research has been devoted to understanding cognitive processes such as attention , memory , perception, information processing , problem solving , though language and other aspects of cognition. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss psychologist who initially worked on measuring intelligence. He came to a conclusion that cognition develops through a series of stages m each new stage building on the previous one after he noticed children the same age made the same mistakes in logic. Stage 1: Sensory-motor (0-2), the world is experienced through motor activity and the senses. Stage 2: Pre-operational (2-7), Language develops along with memory. The child is egocentric and unable to conserve. Stage 3: Concrete operational (7-11), the child can now understand conversation but cannot yet solve problems mentally. Stage 4: Formal operational (11+), the child can now use abstract thoughts and represent problems mentally. Introduction The biological perspective is one of the major approaches to doing psychological research, which is focused on the idea that behaviours have biological causes. Common types of biological studies on behaviour include things like the effects of physical child abuse on future adult actions, how injuries such as head trauma affect behaviour, or whether or not criminal behaviour can be explained by genetics. Maturation theory: The theory holds that the effects of the environment are miminal. The child is born with a set of genetic instructions passed down from its parents, and it’s cognitive, physical and other developmental processes merely unfold over time, rather than being dependent upon the environment to mature. This is the effect, a theory which states that development is due to nature not nature. Arnold Gesell, a psychologist and educator in the 1940s, was interested in child development. He did frequent observations of children, which Gesell formulated a theory known as maturation. This theory stated that developmental changes in a child’s body or behaviour are a result of the aging process rather than from learning, injury, illness, or some other life experience. Gesell’s idea of maturation was fixed in the biological, physiological, and evolutionary sciences. As a result, Gesell centered most of his theory on the power of biological forces, which he felt provided momentum for development to occur. Gesell and his contemporaries proposed that development follows an arranged sequence and that the biological and evolutionary history of the species decides the order of this cycle. Maturation supports the idea that each child’s unique genetic and biological makeup determines the rate of development despite of other potential environmental influences. Genetic influences on behaviour, genes can affect behaviour in many ways. Some disorders, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia, are caused when both parents pass on the gene for the disorder. Disorders that occur regardless of environmental influences, such as those listed above, are genetically determined disorders. This means that the individual who inherits the gene or genes is certain to develop the disorder, regardless of environmental factors. The influence of the nervous and endocrine systems on behaviour, the autonomic system produces its effects through activation of nerve fibres throughout the nervous system, brain and body or by stimulating the release of hormones from endocrine glands such as adrenal and pineal glands. The hormones are biochemical substances and they are released into the blood stream and have a profound effect on target organs and on behaviour. They are present in very small groups and individual molecules have a very short life, so their effects quickly disappear if they are not secreted 24/7. There are all sorts of different hormones in our body including. Melatonin, which is released by the pineal gland and its job, is to act on the brainstem sleep mechanism to help synchronise the phrases of sleep and activity. The second hormone is testosterone; this is released in the testicles in which may influence aggressive behaviour. The last one is oxytocin; this is release by the pituitary gland and stimulates the milk production and female orgasms. Only some hormones are released as a response to external stimuli. For example, the pineal glands respond to reduced daylight by increasing production of melatonin. M1 After doing my P1 criteria, I’ve look backed and only certain perspectives explain well and here are my opinions on them. These are Skinner (Behaviourist Perspective), Carl Rodgers (Humanistic Perspective), Sigmund Freud (Psychodynamic Approach) and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs helps explain also. On the other hand, I do not agree that our behaviour is simply down to our genes. In my opinion I believe that the environment and what we surround our self with has a huge impact on our behaviour. Due to this explanation I don’t think Gesell explains it very clear. I think Albert Bandura explains it very well as it is true we do tend to try to be like and want to be like people we consider as our role model. However, we only copy behaviours that interest us. In my opinion I don’t think the biological perspective explains behaviour well as I don’t believe that just our genes determine our behaviour, to me there is more to it. Such as our upbringing and environment and personal beliefs. People may say we don’t always copy a behaviour that we have seen by observing others as it may be reinforcing negative behaviour and therefore we recognize it as wrong and for those reasons we do not want to copy it. The behaviour could also be something that you don’t agree with as it may go against your beliefs or the way you have been brought up E. g. Moral and Values. We are more likely to copy behaviour from someone we know E. g. Peers like Family and Friends or aspire to be like. We are likely not to copy if we don’t have the same opinion or if it is simply against our beliefs or what we have been told. If the person has had a bad experience from doing certain behaviours, then we see it as a lesson and as a result we do not do the same, as we see it as negative behaviour. Another reason is if the outcome of that specific behaviour wasn’t something we anticipate. Also if the person who behaved in a certain way. In addition to this we are less likely to copy someone who is being punished for a certain action. We only imitate behaviours that interest us. Therefore, in my opinion I feel like the approach that is best at explaining behaviour is Skinner and his skinner box. I think this is the best approach when explaining behaviour as it is truthful and the outcome have shown this. I also believe it is the most successful as I believe it is true when we are satisfied with something and like the way it works. We will continue to use that service as long as it keeps us happy and meets our needs. This is very similar to what the rat was doing inside the Skinner box. Whenever the rat felt hungry it would press the lever which would then release a food pellet. The rat then continues to press the lever. This is similar to an individual being satisfies with a service as it is giving the individual what it requires therefore they keep going back. As they see it as a positive experience. Then it became an unpleasant experience when the rat was becoming electric shocked once pressing the lever. The rat then learned that it would continue to receive the shock if it continued to press the lever. So the rat learned to stop as it wasn’t having a pleasant experience. This is the same with us, if we started to have a horrible experience somewhere the likeliness is that we would stop using that service, and in the same way the rat stopped using the lever. Also when we do something where we see positive results, we will carry on. However, when the conflicting event occurs we will learn to stop carrying out that behaviour as it isn’t working in the way we wish. Therefore I believe this is the best approach to behaviour as I feel it is the truest in real life. My second person who I think explains behaviour well is Sigmund Freud. This is because he explained behaviour in a way where people can relate too. As the past we don’t often perhaps think of but sometimes it may hit us and make us realise that we were still carrying those memories and past experiences with us but we just didn’t realise. He also said they often leak out in dreams and slips of the tongue. Although we don’t always think of it as such, it is still there with us and that is what makes us dream about it. We then realise that it is still on our mind and it is something that is still creating an effect on us, even if the event occurred many years ago. My last person I agree with is Carl Rodgers. I judge what a child has been told throughout their life, will affect who and how they develop when they are older. For example, someone who has been called horrible names, will feel of no value will develop a low self esteem and confidence and they won’t feel good enough to do certain events. They will not feel very constructive about themselves. Therefore they may give up on life and may miss many good opportunities. However someone who has always be pushed in life and have been told that they are smart and will do well, may actually go on in life and do well as they feel they have people that believe them. Therefore they believe in themselves and so this person will have developed a high self esteem and may be quite. How to cite Psychology Perspectives, Papers

Information Technology and Business Level Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology and Business Level Strategy. Answer: Introduction: As stated by Barber et al. (2016), with the evolving technology, businesses are becoming more and more depended on it. Technology has changed the business for better by streamlining the sales technique and sales process. In fact, as commented by Drnevich and Croson (2013), Companies those stay behind the successful utilization of technology for their sales or marketing purpose, fail to compete with the other competitors in the market. The aim of the report is to carry out a detailed analysis on the use of technology for the sales purpose. Dominos Pizza has been selected as the case study for this report. Dominos is a well known fast food brand and is popular for both dine-in and home delivery services. The report shall evaluate the sales objectives, methods of competitors evaluation, importance and benefits of data management and Web technologies. On the basis of the evaluation, certain recommendations will be made. Sales goals and objectives Technological advancement has widened the scope for E-commerce activities. It is for the same reason the sales objectives of an organization include both online and on-store objectives. For Dominos, these objectives can be mentioned here. Online sales objectives: To generate more sales: It is to be understood that Dominos is a fast food company with Pizza as the core product. These food items are usually asked for home delivery. For such instances, online ordering of food is the best possible option for the consumers. Therefore, this option generates more sales (Utvik and Jahre-Nilsen 2016). To improve sales conversion rate: One of the major goals of the Companies is to increase the capability of the particular website to generate more sales. Ordering food online can improve the sales conversion rate to a large extent. To improve sales support: For food selling either online or in store, assistance is important. Similar assistance like availability of a particular product, it ingredients and the cost can be easily available online (Ross 2016). Thus, technology helps to provide better support to the customers. Store-based sales objectives: To build sales and profit: The sales of product can be easily increased if the option of both physical and online stores is available to the consumers. Thus, the primary objective of store based sales in to increase the sales of the product. To increase customer traffic: In the view point of Rao et al. (2016), without the existence of a physical store, the identity of a particular company cannot be established. The customer traffic increases in a physical store and creates an identity for the particular brand or company. To build customer loyalty: Only a virtual store cannot create brand loyalty. However, this can be created if there is a store with a team of workers to serve the customers. Therefore, store based objectives include creating a brand loyalty (Agnes 2015). Tools used by the organization to analyse and understand the competitive environment Keeping a trace of the competitors in the market is very vital. Some of the tools used by Dominos are: Data analytics: It is the process by which, the profit margin and other data of the competitors are taken into account and a comparison is made. The complete process is based on technology and is done with the help of special software and devices. Dominos uses this metric to evaluate the market condition (Agnes 2015). Key Performance Indicators: Another means of analysing the competitors in the market is by evaluation the Key performance indicators. The software help to visualise and analyse the data and comprehend the same to understand the current position in the market. Customer analysis: Dominos also carries out survey and service feedback from the consumers and others to keep them updated about the dynamic choice of the consumers (Bhardwaj et al. 2014). This also help them to understand why consumers like other companies product and how they can make changes in their operational and business activities. Role of strategic alignment between sales goals and technology: The process of linking the organizational structure and resources with the strategies of the business is called strategic alignment. Strategic alignment enables better performance by optimizing the performance of the people in the organization. If the impact of technology is considered, it is one of the important factors that help to create an alignment between the sales goals and technology (Friedman et al. 2016). Therefore, it can be easily said that the business strategies and goal shall be set keeping the sales goals into consideration. As it has been evident that right from taking order to delivering the product, dominos is largely depended on technology and thus, it can be easily said that the Company has aligned the sales goals with technology. Discussion on the benefits of data management As commented by Hazen et al. (2014), the marketers and managers of a Company have to wrestle to keep pace with the management to keep a clean record of the data. With the rise of marketing automation and technological advancement, it has become evident that a clean, valuable and relevant data adds to the success of the sales. Some of the major benefits of data management are: Better control on the data: With better establishment of the data, the operational factors of an organization improve. Better control of the data let the users to list or leads the information irrespective of reach of the person who might be directly or indirectly related to the particular data or information (Law 2015). For instance, the data that is input during the ordering of food can be utilized by the Company to understand the demand of the particular product. Developing a data map: A data map is a onetime output that is designed as a part of arranging the data. A person who is directly involved in considering the data can easily refer to the particular data and get the information easily. For instance, the visitors and consumers of Dominos are asked to provide their personal details. These data are stored in the system and is actually beneficial at the time of contacting the consumers. Importance of adopting Web 2 and Web 3 technologies According to Hazen et al. (2014), Web 2 technologies can be powerful lure that helps to bring more employees in contact with the particular organization. This in turn, strengthens the bond between the consumers and the particular organization. Using the tools like Facebook and Twitter has enabled the Company to reach out more people in a lesser expense. In fact, the speed of communicating or reaching the consumers has also increased by using the Web 2 technology. Web 3 technologies shall allow more intense and clearer means of communication with the employees and the consumers (Bhardwaj et al. 2014). By utilizing this particular technology, a company shall be more benefitted. Threats due to complex and dynamic technological environment: Major threats and competitors of Dominos are other fast food companies like Pizza Hut, McDonalds, and Burger King. These Companies have both physical stores where consumers can visit and have their food and at the same time, these companies offer online sales and home delivery services. With the advancement of technology, the fast food companies are coming up with innovative approaches to attract consumers (Friedman et al. 2016). In addition to this, the companies also come up with discount and other offers that are available for online orders only. This creates situations where consumers are introduced with a number of choices and thus, the sale of the particular brand reduces to some extent because the consumers are opened up to certain choices. This has created serious threats for Dominos. Another important thing has to be considered, Dominos has their own apps which can also be used for ordering food. However, compared to other Companies app and online ordering service, the app o f Dominos is not effective enough (Bhardwaj et al. 2014). This is a serious drawback of the Company. Conclusion: A detailed analysis has been carried out to understand the impact of technology on the sales and other activities of Dominos. It has been found that the Organization has been utilizing the technological advancement for the purpose of its sales activities. However, due to the intense competition, Dominos has been facing certain drawbacks in the market. For instance, Pizza Hut, the major rival company has better sales services when it comes to both online and in-store sales. It has been evident apart from online ordering and calling facilities; Dominos has their app as well that is used for ordering food. It is recommended that Dominos should improve their App and make it more users friendly. In fact, there shall be options of comparing various food items with other pizza companies as well. This way the consumers would be able to compare the food products and there would be clearer chances of gaining better results in terms of selling their product. References: Agnes, M., 2015. Dominos Pizza: A Look At the Timelessness of A Social Media Crisis Plan. Barber, J., Metcalfe, S. and Porteous, M. eds., 2016.Barriers to growth in small firms. Routledge. Bhardwaj, P., Adhikari, R.S. and Ahuja, V., 2014. An Analytical Study of the Facebook Content Management Strategies of Dominos India.International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management (IJCRMM),5(1), pp.64-78. Drnevich, P.L. and Croson, D.C., 2013. Information technology and business-level strategy: Toward an integrated theoretical perspective.Mis Quarterly,37(2), pp.483-509. Friedman, J., Gellman, S., Haber, M.N., Halberstadt, B. and Amaru, R.M., International Business Machines Corporation, 2016.Data management and control using data importance levels. U.S. Patent 9,349,115. Hazen, B.T., Boone, C.A., Ezell, J.D. and Jones-Farmer, L.A., 2014. Data quality for data science, predictive analytics, and big data in supply chain management: An introduction to the problem and suggestions for research and applications.International Journal of Production Economics,154, pp.72-80. Law, P., 2015. Legal Problems in Data Management: Ethics of Big Data Analytics and the Importance of Disclosure, 31 J. Marshall J. Info. Tech. Privacy L. 641 (2015). Rao, S., Sarkar, P. and Bohra, S., 2016. A Comparative Study on the Perceptions of Service Quality of Dominos and Pizza Hut in Manipal. Ross, D.F., 2016.Introduction to e-supply chain management: engaging technology to build market-winning business partnerships. CRC Press. Utvik, T.I.R. and Jahre-Nilsen, C., 2016, April. The Importance of Early Identification of Safety and Sustainability Related Risks in Arctic Oil and Gas Operations. InSPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility. Society of Petroleum Engineers.